How to format your references using the Sleep Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sleep Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Bartal G. Nanophotonics: bright future for hyperbolic chips. Nature 2015;522:160–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Robinson JP, Roederer M. HISTORY OF SCIENCE. Flow cytometry strikes gold. Science 2015;350:739–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Frey S, Richter RP, Görlich D. FG-rich repeats of nuclear pore proteins form a three-dimensional meshwork with hydrogel-like properties. Science 2006;314:815–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Fischer G, James SA, Roberts IN, Oliver SG, Louis EJ. Chromosomal evolution in Saccharomyces. Nature 2000;405:451–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Biegelman MT. Faces of Fraud. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Pfeifer T, Bellavista P, editors. Wired-Wireless Multimedia Networks and Services Management: 12th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Management of Multimedia and Mobile Networks and Services, MMNS 2009, Venice, Italy, October 26-27, 2009. Proceedings. vol. 5842. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Korenok O. Bayesian Methods in Non-linear Time Series. In: Meyers RA, editor. Complex Systems in Finance and Econometrics, New York, NY: Springer; 2011, p. 54–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sleep Science.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. Ancient Pterosaur Used Four Huge Fangs To Snack On Ancient Crocodiles. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Truck Safety: Effectiveness of Motor Carriers Office Hampered by Data Problems and Slow Progress on Implementing Safety Initiatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Fails JA. Mobile collaboration for young children: Reading and creating stories. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barron J. Son of Sam Detective Realized ‘This Has Got to Be the Guy.’ New York Times 2017:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sleep Science
Abbreviation	Sleep Sci.
ISSN (print)	1984-0063
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Behavioral Neuroscience