How to format your references using the Small-scale Forestry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Small-scale Forestry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cannon B (2014) Microbiology: Resistance fighters. Nature 509:S6-8

A journal article with 2 authors

Ibáñez M, Cabot A (2013) Chemistry. All change for nanocrystals. Science 340:935–936

A journal article with 3 authors

Leopold DA, Bondar IV, Giese MA (2006) Norm-based face encoding by single neurons in the monkey inferotemporal cortex. Nature 442:572–575

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang Q, Stelzer AC, Fisher CK, Al-Hashimi HM (2007) Visualizing spatially correlated dynamics that directs RNA conformational transitions. Nature 450:1263–1267

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society (2013) Recommendations on Excavations EAB. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Harmsen F, Proper E, Schalkwijk F, et al (eds) (2010) Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation: Second Working Conference, PRET 2010, Delft, The Netherlands, November 11, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Herrero-Senés J (2016) Mediterranean Crossroads: The Spanish University Cruise, 1933. In: Goldwyn AJ, Silverman RM (eds) Mediterranean Modernism: Intercultural Exchange and Aesthetic Development. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp 73–96

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Small-scale Forestry.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) A Nazi Time Capsule Has Been Unearthed At A Former Training Camp. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) National Airspace System: Setting On-Time Performance Targets at Congested Airports Could Help Focus FAA’s Actions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beck NA (2017) Mobile Apps for Cognitive Restructuring: A Review and Comparative Analysis. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J (2017) With Dutch Vote, E.U. Free-Trade Deal With Ukraine Nears Final Approval. New York Times A11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cannon 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Ibáñez and Cabot 2013; Cannon 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ibáñez and Cabot 2013)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Small-scale Forestry
Abbreviation	Small Scale Forest.
ISSN (print)	1873-7617
ISSN (online)	1873-7854
Scope	Forestry