How to format your references using the Soils and Foundations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Soils and Foundations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilson, E.O., 2005. Environment: early ant plagues in the New World. Nature 433, 32.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bedalov, A., Simon, J.A., 2004. Neuroscience. NAD to the rescue. Science 305, 954–955.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dewar, J.M., Budzowska, M., Walter, J.C., 2015. The mechanism of DNA replication termination in vertebrates. Nature 525, 345–350.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bishop, K.N., Holmes, R.K., Sheehy, A.M., Malim, M.H., 2004. APOBEC-mediated editing of viral RNA. Science 305, 645.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Samuel, G.R., 2010. Formulas and Calculations for Drilling Operations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ocampo, H., Paycha, S., Vargas, A. (Eds.), 2005. Geometric and Topological Methods for Quantum Field Theory, Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Hubrig, S., Cowley, C.R., González, F., Castelli, F., 2008. High Resolution Spectroscopy of HgMn stars: A Time of Surprises, in: Santos, N.C., Pasquini, L., Correia, A.C.M., Romaniello, M. (Eds.), Precision Spectroscopy in Astrophysics: Proceedings of the ESO/Lisbon/Aveiro Conference Held in Aveiro, Portugal, 11–15 September 2006, ESO Astrophysics Symposia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 19–20.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Soils and Foundations.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Scientists Take Sides Over Using Monkeys For Brain Research [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientists-take-sides-over-using-monkeys-for-brain-research/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1978. How Good Are School Lunches? (No. CED-78-22). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ding, H., 2012. Mode of Action for Hexavalent Chromium Carcinogenicity in Drinking Water (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kerry, J., 2017. What We Got Right. New York Times A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wilson, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Bedalov and Simon, 2004; Wilson, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bedalov and Simon, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Bishop et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Soils and Foundations
ISSN (print)	0038-0806
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Civil and Structural Engineering