How to format your references using the Sophia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sophia (SOPHIA). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McGrew, W. C. (2010). Evolution. Chimpanzee technology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5978), 579–580.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gallo, R. C., & Montagnier, L. (2002). Historical essay. Prospects for the future. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5599), 1730–1731.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu, S. W., Ogawa, N., & Ho, W. (2006). Atomic-scale coupling of photons to single-molecule junctions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5778), 1362–1365.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ohnishi, K., Ono, Y., Nomura, T., & Kimura, T. (2014). Significant change of spin transport property in Cu/Nb bilayer due to superconducting transition. Scientific reports, 4, 6260.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hinkelmann, K., & Kempthorne, O. (2005). Design and Analysis of Experiments: Advanced Experimental Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chakraborty, U. K. (Ed.). (2009). Computational Intelligence in Flow Shop and Job Shop Scheduling (Vol. 230). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hartlep, N. D., & Scott, D. P. (2016). High School. In D. P. Scott (Ed.), Asian/American Curricular Epistemicide: From Being Excluded to Becoming a Model Minority (pp. 69–79). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sophia.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 10). Human-Like Robot Beats Other Bots In DARPA’s Robotics Challenge. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2004). Commercial Aviation: Despite Industry Turmoil, Low-Cost Airlines Are Growing and Profitable (No. GAO-04-837T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pappenfus, B. J. (2013). How frequency of change within organizations affects burnout of human resource professionals (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Light, A. (2012, May 18). Guardian Anger. New York Times, p. MM14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McGrew 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Gallo and Montagnier 2002; McGrew 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gallo and Montagnier 2002)
Three or more authors: (Ohnishi et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sophia
ISSN (print)	0038-1527
ISSN (online)	1873-930X
Scope	Philosophy Religious studies