How to format your references using the South African Actuarial Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Actuarial Journal (SAAJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fischhoff, B (2015) The realities of risk-cost-benefit analysis Science (New York, N.Y.) 350, aaa6516

A journal article with 2 authors

Géléoc, GSG & Holt, JR (2014) Sound strategies for hearing restoration Science (New York, N.Y.) 344, 1241062

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, C, Potter, AC & Senthil, T (2014) Classification of interacting electronic topological insulators in three dimensions Science (New York, N.Y.) 343, 629–631

A journal article with 9 or more authors

Costa, E, Soffitta, P, Bellazzini, R, Brez, A, Lumb, N & Spandre, G (2001) An efficient photoelectric X-ray polarimeter for the study of black holes and neutron stars Nature 411, 662–665

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Numai, T (2010) Laser Diodes and their Applications to Communications and Information Processing Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lebow, RN (ed.) (2016) Richard Ned Lebow: Key Texts in Political Psychology and International Relations Theory V. 4. (Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice). Cham, Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Madden, C & Piccardi, M (2011) System-Wide Tracking of Individuals. In P. Remagnino, D.N. Monekosso, & L.C. Jain (eds.) (2011: 83–103)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Actuarial Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, E (2015) NASA’s Dawn Spacecraft Becomes First To Orbit A Dwarf Planet IFLScience Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-s-dawn-spacecraft-becomes-first-orbit-dwarf-planet/ [Accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes (GAO-01-384R) Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCorvey, ZJ (2013) Addressing disruptive behaviors in an After School Program classroom: The effects of the Daily Behavior Report Card Doctoral dissertation California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S (2012) Church Hints It May Serve As Mediator In Russia New York Times 7 January: A10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fischhoff, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Fischhoff, 2015; Géléoc & Holt, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Géléoc & Holt, 2014)
Three authors: (Wang, Potter & Senthil, 2014)
6 or more authors: (Costa et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Actuarial Journal
ISSN (print)	1680-2179
Scope