How to format your references using the South African Geographical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Geographical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Riley, P. (2009). Journal club. A molecular cardiologist looks into getting to the heart of his inner fish. Nature, 460(7259), 1061.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zinkernagel, R. M., & Hengartner, H. (2001). Regulation of the immune response by antigen. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5528), 251–253.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, J., Sato, T., & Kageyama, A. (2002). Repeated and sudden reversals of the dipole field generated by a spherical dynamo action. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5561), 1887–1890.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Kuroda, R., Endo, B., Abe, M., & Shimizu, M. (2009). Chiral blastomere arrangement dictates zygotic left-right asymmetry pathway in snails. Nature, 462(7274), 790–794.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Durbin, P. A., & Reif, B. A. P. (2010). Statistical Theory and Modeling for Turbulent Flows. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Qi, L. (Ed.). (2009). Applied Computing, Computer Science, and Advanced Communication: First International Conference on Future Computer and Communication, FCC 2009, Wuhan, China, June 6-7, 2009. Proceedings (Vol. 34). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Neueder, R. (2014). Conductivity of Electrolytes. In G. Kreysa, K.-I. Ota, & R. F. Savinell (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry (pp. 260–264). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Geographical Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 24). Pulsar Knocks Out Its Companion Star. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/pulsar-knocks-out-its-companion-star/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Bureau of Indian Affairs Contracts for Automatic Data Processing Management Services, and for Development of a Management Information System at the Colorado River Indian Reservation (B-114868). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stevenson, C. L. (2008). Availability and seasonal use of diurnal roosts by Rafinesque’s big-eared bat and southeastern myotis in bottomland hardwoods of Mississippi [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by RACHEL LEE HARRIS. (2010, July 19). Pilgrim, The Final Volume. New York Times, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Riley, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Riley, 2009; Zinkernagel & Hengartner, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zinkernagel & Hengartner, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Kuroda et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Geographical Journal
Abbreviation	S. Afr. Geogr. J.
ISSN (print)	0373-6245
ISSN (online)	2151-2418
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Geography, Planning and Development