How to format your references using the South African Journal of Animal Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for South African Journal of Animal Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Franklin, A. D. 2013. Electronics: the road to carbon nanotube transistors. Nature 498, 443–444.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mackinnon, M. J., & Marsh, K. 2010. The selection landscape of malaria parasites. Science 328, 866–871.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saitta, E. K. H., Legron-Rodriguez, T., & Bowdon, M. A. 2013. IBI* series winner. An inquiry into the water around us. Science 341, 971–972.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Arvidson, R. E., Poulet, F., Bibring, J.-P., Wolff, M., Gendrin, A., Morris, R. V., Freeman, J. J., Langevin, Y., Mangold, N., & Bellucci, G. 2005. Spectral reflectance and morphologic correlations in eastern Terra Meridiani, Mars. Science 307, 1591–1594.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gelbaum, B. R. 1995. Modern Real and Complex Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Chaki, R., Saeed, K., Choudhury, S., & Chaki, N. (Eds). 2015. Applied Computation and Security Systems: Volume One. Springer India, New Delhi.

A chapter in an edited book

Moreira, L., Balaguer, F., & Goel, A. 2015. The Epigenetics in Intestinal Tumorigenesis.Pages 137–168 in Intestinal Tumorigenesis: Mechanisms of Development & Progression. Yang, V.W., Bialkowska, A.B., eds. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for South African Journal of Animal Science.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2015. Mass Extinctions May Actually Speed Up Evolution. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. NASA Procurement: Approach to Sharing Risk Under Certain Research and Development Contracts Is Starting to Change. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kramer, J. A. 2010. Accurate Localization Given Uncertain Sensors.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. 2016. Reyes May Dabble in Outfield as Mets Seek More Versatility. New York Times, B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Franklin, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Mackinnon & Marsh, 2010; Franklin, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mackinnon & Marsh, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Arvidson et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	South African Journal of Animal Science
Abbreviation	S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0375-1589
ISSN (online)	2221-4062
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology