How to format your references using the Speech Communication citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Speech Communication. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sanderson, K., 2012. Vaccination: A durable design. Nature 488, S7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Paczolt, K.A., Jones, A.G., 2010. Post-copulatory sexual selection and sexual conflict in the evolution of male pregnancy. Nature 464, 401–404.

A journal article with 3 authors

Goscé, L., Barton, D.A.W., Johansson, A., 2014. Analytical modelling of the spread of disease in confined and crowded spaces. Sci. Rep. 4, 4856.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Grossman, S.R., Shlyakhter, I., Karlsson, E.K., Byrne, E.H., Morales, S., Frieden, G., Hostetter, E., Angelino, E., Garber, M., Zuk, O., Lander, E.S., Schaffner, S.F., Sabeti, P.C., 2010. A composite of multiple signals distinguishes causal variants in regions of positive selection. Science 327, 883–886.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lalanne, C., 2014. Specification Development. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Montagnini, F., 2005. Tropical Forest Ecology: The Basis for Conservation and Management, Tropical Forestry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Boitani, C., Puglisi, R., 2009. Selenium, a Key Element in Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility, in: Cheng, C.Y. (Ed.), Molecular Mechanisms in Spermatogenesis, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 65–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Speech Communication.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2016. A Stolen Exoplanet That Will Kill Us All? Here’s What We Do Know About ‘Planet Nine’ [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/stolen-exoplanet-will-kill-us-all-here-s-what-we-do-know-about-planet-nine/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. Commercial Aviation: Preliminary Observations on Legacy Airlines’ Financial Condition, Bankruptcy, and Pension Issues (No. GAO-05-835T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Forlano, L., 2008. When code meets place: Collaboration and innovation at WiFi hotspots (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Witz, B., 2017. As Hurricane Nears Florida, Yankees’ Series With Rays Is Moved to Citi Field. New York Times D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sanderson, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Paczolt and Jones, 2010; Sanderson, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Paczolt and Jones, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Grossman et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Speech Communication
Abbreviation	Speech Commun.
ISSN (print)	0167-6393
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Science Applications Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software Modelling and Simulation Linguistics and Language Communication