How to format your references using the Spermatogenesis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spermatogenesis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wickware P. United States gives priority to skills shortage. Nature 2000; 404:686–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yan W-B, Fan H. Single-photon quantum router with multiple output ports. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4820.

A journal article with 3 authors

Muchnik L, Aral S, Taylor SJ. Social influence bias: a randomized experiment. Science 2013; 341:647–51.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Andrews OE, Cha DJ, Wei C, Patton JG. RNAi-mediated gene silencing in zebrafish triggered by convergent transcription. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5222.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Powsner RA, Palmer MR, Powsner ER. Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics and Instrumentation. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.

An edited book

Saliot A, editor. The Mediterranean Sea. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Candilis PJ, Weinstock R, Martinez R. Robust Professionalism: Beyond Role. In: Weinstock R, Martinez R, editors. Forensic Ethics and the Expert Witness. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2007. page 97–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spermatogenesis.

Blog post

Andrew E. Cougars Could Repopulate Midwestern U.S. In Just 25 Years. IFLScience2015;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer: Barriers Limit Royalty Sharing’s Effectiveness. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hurwitz BL. Viral community dynamics and functional specialization in the Pacific Ocean. 2012;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dewan S. Mostly White Forces in Mostly Black Towns: Police Struggle for Racial Diversity. New York Times2014; :A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Spermatogenesis
Abbreviation	Spermatogenesis
ISSN (print)	2156-5554
ISSN (online)	2156-5562
Scope