How to format your references using the Sport, Education and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sport, Education and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DiCicco-Bloom, E. (2006). Neuroscience. Neuron, know thy neighbor. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5767), 1560–1562.

A journal article with 2 authors

DellaPenna, D., & O’Connor, S. E. (2012). Plant science. Plant gene clusters and opiates. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6089), 1648–1649.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zheng, H., Wisedchaisri, G., & Gonen, T. (2013). Crystal structure of a nitrate/nitrite exchanger. Nature, 497(7451), 647–651.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Tuteja, A., Choi, W., Ma, M., Mabry, J. M., Mazzella, S. A., Rutledge, G. C., McKinley, G. H., & Cohen, R. E. (2007). Designing superoleophobic surfaces. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5856), 1618–1622.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ushakov, I. (2012). Probabilistic Reliability Models. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

McCandless, D. W. (Ed.). (2009). Metabolic Encephalopathy. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Assimaki, D., Li, W., & Fragiadakis, M. (2011). Site Effects in Ground Motion Synthetics for Structural Performance Predictions. In M. Papadrakakis, M. Fragiadakis, & N. D. Lagaros (Eds.), Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering (pp. 67–97). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sport, Education and Society.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2016, June 1). Hybrid Species Are On The March – With The Help Of Humans. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Air Traffic Control: Continued Improvements Needed in FAA’s Management of the NAS Plan (RCED-89-7). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren, J. S. (2012). Trust in immediate supervisor, trust in top management, organizational trust precursors: Predictors of organizational effectiveness [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. (2017, October 29). A Nazi Script Comes to Light. New York Times, C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DiCicco-Bloom, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (DellaPenna & O’Connor, 2012; DiCicco-Bloom, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (DellaPenna & O’Connor, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Tuteja et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Sport, Education and Society
Abbreviation	Sport Educ. Soc.
ISSN (print)	1357-3322
ISSN (online)	1470-1243
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Education Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation