How to format your references using the Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Cyranoski, Malaysia plans “red book” in its attempts to go green, Nature 436 (2005) 313.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.J.O. Reichhardt, L.M. Lopatina, Materials science. A ball-and-chain polymer model, Science 326 (2009) 374–375.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

B. Keimer, E. Sackmann, P.J. Withers, Neutron scattering. The case for neutron sources, Science 298 (2002) 543.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C. Peng, H. Ouyang, Q. Gao, Y. Jiang, F. Zhang, J. Li, Q. Yu, Environment. Building a “green” railway in China, Science 316 (2007) 546–547.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D.J. Bottjer, Paleoecology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

A. Mason, S.C. Mukhopadhyay, K.P. Jayasundera, eds., Sensing Technology: Current Status and Future Trends IV, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M.J. Morrell, J.D. Reiss, Two-Dimensional Hybrid Spatial Audio Systems with User Variable Controls of Sound Source Attributes, in: M. Aramaki, M. Barthet, R. Kronland-Martinet, S. Ystad (Eds.), From Sounds to Music and Emotions: 9th International Symposium, CMMR 2012, London, UK, June 19-22, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013: pp. 58–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, New Models Suggest Universe Will Eventually Rip Itself Apart, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/physics/will-universe-rip-itself-apart/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Highway Projects: Some Federal and State Practices to Expedite Completion Show Promise, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.A. Beard, Evidence of Leadership Competencies in the Journal of Mary Easton Sibley, a Pioneering 19th Century Women’s College Founder, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, The Bolshoi Ballet Appoints a New Artistic Director, New York Times (2008) E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0960-7404
Scope	Oncology Surgery