How to format your references using the Surgical Pathology Clinics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgical Pathology Clinics (PATH). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elvis M. Astronomy: Cosmic triangles and black-hole masses. Nature 2014;515(7528):498–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Silljé HHW., Nigg EA. Signal transduction. Capturing polo kinase. Science 2003;299(5610):1190–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Culler SJ., Hoff KG., Smolke CD. Reprogramming cellular behavior with RNA controllers responsive to endogenous proteins. Science 2010;330(6008):1251–5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Niwa Si S-I., Eswaramoorthy M., Nair J., et al. A one-step conversion of benzene to phenol with a palladium membrane. Science 2002;295(5552):105–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

AIChE technical manual. Dow’s Chemical Exposure Index Guide. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998.

An edited book

Hilder S., Bettinson V. Domestic Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Protection, Prevention and Intervention. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Rinofner-Kreidl S. On Naturalizing Free. In: Boi L, Kerszberg P, Patras F, editors. Rediscovering Phenomenology: Phenomenological Essays on Mathematical Beings, Physical Reality, Perception and Consciousness. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 125–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgical Pathology Clinics.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Best Medical Images Of The Year: A Mesmerising Nano-World Where Science Becomes Art. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/best-medical-images-year-mesmerising-nano-world-where-science-becomes-art/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. TQM Implementation at NASA. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

David SZ. A Practical Approach for Formation Damage Control in Both Miscible and Immiscible CO2 Gas Flooding in Asphaltenic Crude Systems Using Water Slugs and Injection Parameters. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Sophie Koulomzin Dies at 96; Orthodox Christian Educator. New York Times 2000:B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgical Pathology Clinics
Abbreviation	Surg. Pathol. Clin.
ISSN (print)	1875-9181
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine Surgery