How to format your references using the Teaching and Teacher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching and Teacher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lok, C. (2001). Smithsonian head ruffled by inquiry. Nature, 412(6844), 257.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tripati, A., & Elderfield, H. (2005). Deep-sea temperature and circulation changes at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5730), 1894–1898.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ross, R. J., Weiner, M. M., & Lin, H. (2014). PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in the soma. Nature, 505(7483), 353–359.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Skotheim, J. M., Di Talia, S., Siggia, E. D., & Cross, F. R. (2008). Positive feedback of G1 cyclins ensures coherent cell cycle entry. Nature, 454(7202), 291–296.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sallaberry, C. (2013). Geographical Information Retrieval in Textual Corpora. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Miller, M. K., Blumenthal, J. A., & Chamberlain, J. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of Community Sentiment. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kyriazopoulou, C. (2015). Architectures and Requirements for the Development of Smart Cities: A Literature Study. In M. Helfert, K.-H. Krempels, C. Klein, B. Donellan, & O. Guiskhin (Eds.), Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems: 4th International Conference, SMARTGREENS 2015, and 1st International Conference VEHITS 2015, Lisbon, Portugal, May 20-22, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 75–103). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching and Teacher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, April 16). Chemistry Set Pencils Can Turn Life-Saving Tests Into Child’s Play. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/chemistry-set-pencils-can-turn-life-saving-tests-child-s-play/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). DOD Major Automated Information Systems: Improvements Can Be Made in Reporting Critical Changes and Clarifying Leadership Responsibility (GAO-16-336). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Deshotel, M. W. (2017). Enhancing Undergraduate Water Resources Engineering Education Using Data and Modeling Resources Situated in Real-world Ecosystems: Design Principles and Challenges for Scaling and Sustainability [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, August 5). Chase Is Over, But Pressure Is Still On. New York Times, B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lok, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Lok, 2001; Tripati & Elderfield, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tripati & Elderfield, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Skotheim et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching and Teacher Education
Abbreviation	Teach. Teach. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0742-051X
Scope	Education