How to format your references using the Technobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Technobiology (TECHBIO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain, C., Budget Crisis Forces Hard Choices on US High-Energy Physics, Nature, vol. 404, no. 6781, pp. 909–10, April 27, 2000.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wortmann, U. G. and Paytan, A., Rapid Variability of Seawater Chemistry over the Past 130 Million Years, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 337, no. 6092, pp. 334–36, July 20, 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Messenger, S., Keller, L. P. and Lauretta, D. S., Supernova Olivine from Cometary Dust, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 309, no. 5735, pp. 737–41, July 29, 2005.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Tarduno, J., Bunge, H.-P., Sleep, N. and Hansen, U., The Bent Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Track: Inheriting the Mantle Wind, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 324, no. 5923, pp. 50–53, April 3, 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brodsky, B. S. and Stanley, B., The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Primer, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013.

An edited book

Cuthbertson, R., Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Practical Ideas for Moving Towards Best Practice, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, XVIII, 283 p. 57 illus., 28 illus. in color, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Widmayer, P., Anderegg, L., Eidenbenz, S. and Peeters, L., Optimal Placement of Ad Hoc Devices Under a VCG-Style Routing Protocol, in Theoretical Aspects of Distributed Computing in Sensor Networks, S. Nikoletseas and J. D. P. Rolim, Eds., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 85–107, 2011.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Technobiology.

Blog post

Andrew, D., Can Stem Cell Therapy Really Treat Multiple Sclerosis?, IFLScience, August 9, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: Status of Transportation Security Inspector Workforce, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-09-123R, Feb. 6, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McNeil, J. N., “I Noticed Something Wrong”: Lived Experiences of Women of Color Who Faced a Protracted Journey to Diagnosis with Lupus, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira, S., Cosby Is the Man on Trial. But So Are Power Dynamics, New York Times, June 8, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Macilwain, 2000; Wortmann et al., 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wortmann et al., 2012)
Three or more authors: (Tarduno et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Technobiology
ISSN (print)	2578-2401
ISSN (online)	2578-241X
Scope