How to format your references using the The Annals of Applied Probability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Applied Probability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Blackstock, J. (2012). Researchers can’t regulate climate engineering alone. Nature 486 159.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Zens, M. S. and Webb, C. O. (2002). Ecology. Sizing up the shape of life. Science 295 1475–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gupta, G., Jalil, M. B. A. and Liang, G. (2014). Evaluation of mobility in thin Bi2Se3 topological insulator for prospects of local electrical interconnects. Sci. Rep. 4 6838.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Ip, S. C. Y., Rass, U., Blanco, M. G., Flynn, H. R., Skehel, J. M. and West, S. C. (2008). Identification of Holliday junction resolvases from humans and yeast. Nature 456 357–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Otto, M. (2016). Chemometrics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

[1]

Tortajada, C. (2016). Increasing Resilience to Climate Variability and Change: The Roles of Infrastructure and Governance in the Context of Adaptation. Springer, Singapore.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Foix, S. C., Nebot, L. J., Pàmies-Vilà, R. and Calderon, P. C. (2014). Basic Projects of Knowledge Integration in the Bachelors’ Degree in Industrial Technology. In New Trends in Educational Activity in the Field of Mechanism and Machine Theory Mechanisms and Machine Science (J. C. García-Prada and C. Castejón, ed) pp 31–8. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Applied Probability.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan, J. (2016). We’re Going To Find Out What Mars Sounds Like For The First Time In 2021.IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-does-mars-sound-like/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. (1980). Overview of the Adult Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and Its Operation in California. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Chen, C.-Y. (2010). The analysis of communication problems and language barriers between patients and physicians in California. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh, M. W. (2016). House Republicans Advance Plan to Rescue Puerto Rico. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Applied Probability
ISSN (print)	1050-5164
ISSN (online)	2168-8737
Scope