How to format your references using the The Annals of Pharmacotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whitmire KH. Chemistry. Molecular donuts and donut holes. Science. 2010;327(5961):38-39.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kuroda H, Maliga P. The plastid clpP1 protease gene is essential for plant development. Nature. 2003;425(6953):86-89.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ruefli-Brasse AA, French DM, Dixit VM. Regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent lymphocyte activation and development by paracaspase. Science. 2003;302(5650):1581-1584.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Poulikakos PI, Persaud Y, Janakiraman M, et al. RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E). Nature. 2011;480(7377):387-390.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prud’Homme R. Flows and Chemical Reactions in an Electromagnetic Field. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Wall T. Slavoj Žižek: A Žižekian Gaze at Education. (Perrin D, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Heinrich B. Exchange Coupling in Magnetic Multilayers. In: Zabel H, Bader SD, eds. Magnetic Heterostructures: Advances and Perspectives in Spinstructures and Spintransport. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics. Springer; 2008:185-250.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Annals of Pharmacotherapy.

Blog post

Fang J. Trawling Below 600 Meters Hurts Both Biodiversity And Catch Values. IFLScience. August 28, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/trawling-below-600-meters-hurts-both-biodiversity-and-catch-values/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal R&D Budget. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sutton SR. Freshman Transition Programs: Effect on Ninth Grade Student Preparedness. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times. January 26, 2017:C28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Abbreviation	Ann. Pharmacother.
ISSN (print)	1060-0280
ISSN (online)	1542-6270
Scope	Pharmacology (medical)