How to format your references using the The Central African Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Central African Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morris MR. Astronomy. Glimpsing matter at the brink. Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):689–92.

A journal article with 2 authors

Van Tuyl R, Pereltsvaig A. Comment on “Phonemic diversity supports a serial founder effect model of language expansion from Africa.” Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):657; author reply 657.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fehr E, Bernhard H, Rockenbach B. Egalitarianism in young children. Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1079–83.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Charnoz S, Brahic A, Thomas PC, Porco CC. The equatorial ridges of Pan and Atlas: terminal accretionary ornaments? Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1622–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stauffer HB. Contemporary Bayesian and Frequentist Statistical Research Methods for Natural Resource Scientists. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Geddes CD, Lakowicz JR, editors. Who’s Who in Fluorescence 2006. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2006. XXIV, 206 p. 362 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Slutsker J, Roytburd AL, McFadden GB, Warren JA. Phase Field Modeling of Solidification and Melting of a Confined Nano-Particle. In: Chuang TJ, Anderson PM, Wu MK, Hsieh S, editors. Nanomechanics of Materials and Structures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 33–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Central African Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. Over 95% Of The World’s Population Suffer From Health Problems.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: New Regulations for Deicing Aircraft Could Be Strengthened. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Nov. Report No.: RCED-93-52.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Francis TM. The Lived Experience of Caribbean Women and Their Experiences as Senior-Level Leaders: A Phenomenological Study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Princeton’s Atkinson Won’t Let Injuries Stop Him. New York Times. 2002 Nov 8;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Central African Journal of Medicine
Abbreviation	Cent. Afr. J. Med.
ISSN (print)	0008-9176
Scope	General Medicine