How to format your references using the The Design Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Design Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dennis, C. (2003). ‘Bushfires annihilate Australian observatory’. Nature, 421(6921): 302.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tan, S. and Lü, J. (2014). ‘Characterizing the effect of population heterogeneity on evolutionary dynamics on complex networks’. Scientific reports, 4: 5034.

A journal article with 3 authors

Majumdar, S., Singh, A. and Rio, D.C. (2013). ‘The human THAP9 gene encodes an active P-element DNA transposase’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6118): 446–448.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jarillo, J.A., Capel, J., Tang, R.H., Yang, H.Q., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R. and Cashmore, A.R. (2001). ‘An Arabidopsis circadian clock component interacts with both CRY1 and phyB’. Nature, 410(6827): 487–490.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chassaing, R. (2004). Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the C6713 and C6416 DSK. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gupta, S., Alt, F., Cooper, M., Melchers, F. and Rajewsky, K. eds. (2007). Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation XI: B Cell Biology. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Savoy, J., Dolamic, L. and Zubaryeva, O. (2011). ‘Searching, Translating and Classifying Information in Cyberspace’. In G. Babin, K. Stanoevska-Slabeva, & P. Kropf, eds. E-Technologies: Transformation in a Connected World: 5th International Conference, MCETECH 2011, Les Diablerets, Switzerland, January 23-26, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 62–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Design Journal.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017). ‘Monkey Muggers Steal Tourists’ Belongings, Holding Them For Ransom In Exchange For Food’. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/monkey-muggers-steal-tourists-belongings-holding-them-for-ransom-in-exchange-for-food/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Amtrak: Issues for Reauthorization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Valenzuela, J. (2014). Medicare advantage’s population make-up and its impact on the future of Medicare financing. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by RACHEL LEE HARRIS. (2010). ‘Love That Look, Wonder Woman’. New York Times: C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dennis, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Dennis, 2003; Tan and Lü, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tan and Lü, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Jarillo et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Design Journal
ISSN (print)	1460-6925
ISSN (online)	1756-3062
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design