How to format your references using the The Hastings Center Report citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Hastings Center Report (HCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vousden, K. H. “Apoptosis. P53 and PUMA: A Deadly Duo.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 309, no. 5741 (2005): 1685–86.

A journal article with 2 authors

Haug, G. H., and L. C. Peterson. “Obituary: Nicholas Shackleton (1937-2006).” Nature 439, no. 7079 (2006): 928.

A journal article with 3 authors

Merritt, D., L. Ferrarese, and C. L. Joseph. “No Supermassive Black Hole in M33?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 293, no. 5532 (2001): 1116–18.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zipfel, C., S. Robatzek, L. Navarro, E. J. Oakeley, J. D. G. Jones, G. Felix, and T. Boller. “Bacterial Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis through Flagellin Perception.” Nature 428, no. 6984 (2004): 764–67.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barbaroux, P., A. Attour, and E. Schenk. Knowledge Management and Innovation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

An edited book

Rioux, R., ed. Model Systems in Catalysis: Single Crystals to Supported Enzyme Mimics. 1st ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Nikolaou, I. E., and K. I. Evangelinos. “A Framework for Evaluating the Social Responsibility Quality of Reverse Logistics.” In Quality Management in Reverse Logistics: A Broad Look on Quality Issues and Their Interaction with Closed-Loop Supply Chains, ed. Y. Nikolaidis, 53–72. London: Springer, 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Hastings Center Report.

Blog post

Andrew, D. “DNA Reveals Aboriginal People Had A Long And Settled Connection To Country.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dna-reveals-aboriginal-people-had-a-long-and-settled-connection-to-country/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Summary of a GAO Conference: Helping California Youths with Disabilities Transition to Work or Postsecondary Education.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 20, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lauper, A. R. “Effects of Leadership Training and Networking Opportunities on Professional Advancement: A Quantitative Study.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. “My Florida Recount Memory: Talking Justice.” New York Times, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Hastings Center Report
Abbreviation	Hastings Cent. Rep.
ISSN (print)	0093-0334
ISSN (online)	1552-146X
Scope