How to format your references using the The New Zealand Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Zealand Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schnittman JD. Astronomy. The curious behavior of the milky way’s central black hole. Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):964–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dustin ML, Meyer-Hermann M. Immunology. Antigen feast or famine. Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):408–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sørensen TLM, Møller JV, Nissen P. Phosphoryl transfer and calcium ion occlusion in the calcium pump. Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1672–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rands MRW, Adams WM, Bennun L, Butchart SHM, Clements A, Coomes D, et al. Biodiversity conservation: challenges beyond 2010. Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1298–303.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Szeman I, O’Brien S. Popular Culture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Lichtfouse E, editor. Farming for Food and Water Security. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. V, 274 p. (Sustainable Agriculture Reviews; vol. 10).

A chapter in an edited book

De Pace B, Ferrari B, Pellacani G, Predieri B, Iughetti L, Veneziano L, et al. Confocal Microscopy: Improving Our Understanding of Nevogenesis. In: Marghoob AA, editor. Nevogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Nevus Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 59–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Zealand Medical Journal.

Blog post

Andrews R. Short Bursts Of Exercise Just As Effective As Endurance Training, Claims Study [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/intense-short-bursts-exercise-are-just-effective-endurance-training/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: The SEMATECH Consortium’s Start-up Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Nov. Report No.: RCED-90-37.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Basik N. An evolutionary approach to intuitionism and moral realism [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Décolletage Is Not the Rage At This Victoria’s Secret. New York Times. 2002 Apr 7;148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Zealand Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0028-8446
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
Scope