How to format your references using the Toxicology Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buat, V., 2015. Astrophysics: Dust-poor galaxies at early times. Nature 522, 422–423.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chapman, A., Wyndham, J., 2013. Human rights. A human right to science. Science 340, 1291.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xiao, S., Li, R., Chen, M., 2013. Detecting sedimentary cycles using autocorrelation of grain size. Sci. Rep. 3, 1653.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kelly, B.C., Ikonomou, M.G., Blair, J.D., Morin, A.E., Gobas, F.A.P.C., 2007. Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. Science 317, 236–239.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li, F.M., Nathan, A., Wu, Y., Ong, B.S., 2011. Organic Thin Film Transistor Integration. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Farooq, U., 2012. Tree-based Heterogeneous FPGA Architectures: Application Specific Exploration and Optimization. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Anton, C., Olson, L., 2009. Generating Satisfiable SAT Instances Using Random Subgraph Isomorphism, in: Gao, Y., Japkowicz, N. (Eds.), Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 22nd Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Canadian AI 2009 Kelowna, Canada, May 25-27, 2009 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 16–26.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology Letters.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. ALMA Revisits Hubble’s Famous Ultra Deep Field Image Of The Distant Universe [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Telecommunications Readiness Critical, Yet Overall Status Largely Unknown (No. T-AIMD-98-212). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dixon-Thompson, T.L., 2015. The relationship between the usage of a Computer Assisted Instructional (CAI) program, Ticket to Read (T2R) and reading achievement in third grade (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., 2012. Next Chicago School Crisis: Pension Fund. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Buat, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Buat, 2015; Chapman and Wyndham, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chapman and Wyndham, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Kelly et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology Letters
Abbreviation	Toxicol. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0378-4274
Scope	General Medicine Toxicology