How to format your references using the Toxins citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxins. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lupas, A.N. Protein Design. What I Cannot Create, I Do Not Understand. Science 2014, 346, 1455–1456.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bundock, P.; Hooykaas, P. An Arabidopsis hAT-like Transposase Is Essential for Plant Development. Nature 2005, 436, 282–284.

A journal article with 3 authors

Panda, S.; Hogenesch, J.B.; Kay, S.A. Circadian Rhythms from Flies to Human. Nature 2002, 417, 329–335.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Iitaka, T.; Hirose, K.; Kawamura, K.; Murakami, M. The Elasticity of the MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite Phase in the Earth’s Lowermost Mantle. Nature 2004, 430, 442–445.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ohshima, H. Biophysical Chemistry of Biointerfaces; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2010; ISBN 9780470630631.

An edited book

Advances in Nanotheranostics I: Design and Fabrication of Theranosic Nanoparticles; Dai, Z., Ed.; Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016; Vol. 6; ISBN 9783662485422.

A chapter in an edited book

Takahashi, E.J.; Lan, P.; Okino, T.; Furukawa, Y.; Nabekawa, Y.; Yamanouchi, K.; Midorikawa, K. Intense Attosecond Pulses for Probing Ultrafast Molecular Dynamics. In Ultrafast Phenomena XIX: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference, Okinawa Convention Center, Okinawa, Japan, July 7-11, 2014; Yamanouchi, K., Cundiff, S., Vivie-Riedle, R. de, Kuwata-Gonokami, M., DiMauro, L., Eds.; Springer Proceedings in Physics; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; pp. 16–19 ISBN 9783319132419.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxins.

Blog post

Davis, J. Ongoing Algal Blooms Linked To The Largest Die-Off Of Great Whales Ever Recorded (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Highway Financing: Participating States Benefit Under Toll Facilities Pilot Program; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1990;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blumenfeld, D.B. Policy Making and the U.S. Response to Global HIV/AIDS. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University: Washington, DC, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. In Seeking Taxes, New York Challenges India and Mongolia in U.S. Supreme Court. New York Times 2007, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxins
Abbreviation	Toxins (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology