How to format your references using the Traffic citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Traffic. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rastan S. Mary F. Lyon (1925-2014). Nature 2015;518:36.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jia T, Pamer EG. Immunology. Dispensable but not irrelevant. Science 2009;325:549–550.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vassilopoulos G, Wang P-R, Russell DW. Transplanted bone marrow regenerates liver by cell fusion. Nature 2003;422:901–904.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Gradinaru V, Mogri M, Thompson KR, Henderson JM, Deisseroth K. Optical deconstruction of parkinsonian neural circuitry. Science 2009;324:354–359.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Neave EH. Modern Financial Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Lodwick WA, Kacprzyk J, editors. Fuzzy Optimization: Recent Advances and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Atienza Alonso D, Mamagkakis S, Poucet C, Peón-Quirós M, Bartzas A, Catthoor F, Soudris D. Dynamic Data Types Optimization in Multimedia and Communication Applications. In: Mamagkakis S, Poucet C, Peón-Quirós M, Bartzas A, Catthoor F, Soudris D, editors. Dynamic Memory Management for Embedded Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 93–134.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Traffic.

Blog post

Andrew E. In The Search For Alien Life, Little Green Men Are Out and Purple Bacteria Are In [Internet]. IFLScience. 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/search-alien-life-little-green-men-are-out-and-purple-bacteria-are/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Project on Standardization of Basic Financial Information Requirements of Central Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pelayo AM. A case study on the development of team -based leadership structure in the hospital industry. 2008;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices to Consider Impact of Mental Illness on Death Penalty. New York Times. 2007;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Traffic
Abbreviation	Traffic
ISSN (print)	1398-9219
ISSN (online)	1600-0854
Scope	Biochemistry Cell Biology Genetics Molecular Biology Structural Biology