How to format your references using the Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier, Q. Saddam Gives Viewers Double Vision. Nature 2002, 419, 421.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heilbron, J.L.; Bynum, W.F. Millennial Highlights...from Gerbert d’Aurillac to Watson and Crick. Nature 2000, 403, 13–16.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, Z.; Yu, H.; Su, H. The Transport Properties of Oxygen Vacancy-Related Polaron-like Bound State in HfOx. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3246.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Piatkevich, K.D.; Malashkevich, V.N.; Morozova, K.S.; Nemkovich, N.A.; Almo, S.C.; Verkhusha, V.V. Extended Stokes Shift in Fluorescent Proteins: Chromophore-Protein Interactions in a near-Infrared TagRFP675 Variant. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1847.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Denny, H.R.; Butterworth, S.J. A Guide to Canine and Feline Orthopaedic Surgery; Blackwell Science Ltd: Oxford, UK, 2008; ISBN 9780470699027.

An edited book

Confocal Raman Microscopy; Dieing, T., Hollricher, O., Toporski, J., Eds.; Springer Series in Optical Sciences; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; Vol. 158; ISBN 9783642125218.

A chapter in an edited book

Wilczenski, F.L.; Coomey, S.M. Changing Roles and the Process of Changing. In A Practical Guide to Service Learning: Strategies for Positive Development in Schools; Coomey, S.M., Ed.; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2007; pp. 57–63 ISBN 9780387465388.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Bright Blue Stars Seen Hatching From A Dark Nebula (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office NASA: Lack of Disciplined Cost-Estimating Processes Hinders Effective Program Management; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2004;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cruz, A.A. Concordance between Therapists’ Self -Reports and Observers’ Ratings of Adherence to Marital Therapy. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University: Malibu, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J. Dance Moves, Everywhere. New York Times 2017, MB8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
Abbreviation	Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (online)	2414-6366
Scope