How to format your references using the Urban Ecosystems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urban Ecosystems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boulton G (2012) Open your minds and share your results. Nature 486:441

A journal article with 2 authors

DiNardo S, Braun RE (2007) Developmental biology. Home for the precious few. Science 317:1696–1697

A journal article with 3 authors

Cordier P, Amodeo J, Carrez P (2012) Modelling the rheology of MgO under Earth’s mantle pressure, temperature and strain rates. Nature 481:177–180

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Tomatsu K, Nakatsuji K, Iimori T, et al (2007) An atomic seesaw switch formed by tilted asymmetric Sn-Ge dimers on a Ge (001) surface. Science 315:1696–1698

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Oden JT (2011) An Introduction to Mathematical Modeling. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Raoult D, Drancourt M (eds) (2008) Paleomicrobiology: Past Human Infections. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Bae K, Ölveczky PC (2015) Hybrid Multirate PALS. In: Martí-Oliet N, Ölveczky PC, Talcott C (eds) Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency: Essays Dedicated to José Meseguer on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 114–134

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urban Ecosystems.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Earth Narrowly Missed A Potentially Devastating Solar Superstorm In 2012. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Railroad Safety: FRA Needs to Correct Deficiencies in Reporting Injuries and Accidents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sinha R (2017) An Integrated Development Environment for the Clara Constraint-Programming Language. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2016) A Timeless Observer. New York Times BR6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Boulton 2012).
This sentence cites two references (DiNardo and Braun 2007; Boulton 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (DiNardo and Braun 2007)
Three or more authors: (Tomatsu et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Urban Ecosystems
Abbreviation	Urban Ecosyst.
ISSN (print)	1083-8155
ISSN (online)	1573-1642
Scope	Ecology Urban Studies