How to format your references using the Vaccines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vaccines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Watson, A. EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY: Getting More Out of Space. Science 2000, 290, 1287b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Conner, S.D.; Schmid, S.L. Regulated Portals of Entry into the Cell. Nature 2003, 422, 37–44.

A journal article with 3 authors

Roberts, J.M.; Wheeler, A.J.; Freiwald, A. Reefs of the Deep: The Biology and Geology of Cold-Water Coral Ecosystems. Science 2006, 312, 543–547.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, F.; Cheng, K.; Wei, X.; Qin, H.; Chen, R.; Liu, J.; Zou, H. A Six-Plex Proteome Quantification Strategy Reveals the Dynamics of Protein Turnover. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1827.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Camman, C.; Fiore, C.; Livolsi, L.; Querro, P. Supply Chain Management and Business Performance; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2017; ISBN 9781119427407.

An edited book

Biometric Authentication: First International Workshop, BIOMET 2014, Sofia, Bulgaria, June 23-24, 2014. Revised Selected Papers; Cantoni, V., Dimov, D., Tistarelli, M., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; Vol. 8897; ISBN 9783319133850.

A chapter in an edited book

Pupo, J.C.P.; Pupo, J.C.P.; Pupo, J.C.P.; Escobar, R.R.; Mejia, E.G.; de la Rosa Pérez, C. Air Space and Bronchi – II. In Learning Chest Imaging; Pedrozo Pupo, J.C., Ed.; Learning Imaging; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; pp. 107–133 ISBN 9783642341465.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vaccines.

Blog post

Andrew, E. What Does Space Sound Like? Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-does-space-sound/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Observations on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Fiscal Year 2000 Performance Plan; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1999;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burchman, E.K. A Dialogue on Improvisation, Space and Melody: Larry Koonse’s Approach to Improvisation. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M.J.O. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times 2015, C30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vaccines
Abbreviation	Vaccines (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-393X
Scope	Immunology Infectious Diseases Pharmacology (medical) Drug Discovery Pharmacology