How to format your references using the Virtual and Physical Prototyping citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virtual and Physical Prototyping. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whitfield, John. 2003. “Alien-Hunters Get Scope to Search.” Nature 422 (6929): 249.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liao, Longguang, and Zexian Cao. 2014. “Directional Scaling Symmetry of High-Symmetry Two-Dimensional Lattices.” Scientific Reports 4 (August 2014): 6193.

A journal article with 3 authors

Roughgarden, Joan, Meeko Oishi, and Erol Akçay. 2006. “Reproductive Social Behavior: Cooperative Games to Replace Sexual Selection.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 311 (5763): 965–969.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Paul, A., R. A. Bartels, R. Tobey, H. Green, S. Weiman, I. P. Christov, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and S. Backus. 2003. “Quasi-Phase-Matched Generation of Coherent Extreme-Ultraviolet Light.” Nature 421 (6918): 51–54.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins, Bruce R. 2009. Fundraising Law Made Easy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gopalakrishnan, Kasthurirangan, Siddhartha Kumar Khaitan, and Soteris Kalogirou, eds. 2011. Soft Computing in Green and Renewable Energy Systems. Vol. 269. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Damon, James, Peter Giblin, and Gareth Haslinger. 2016. “Abstract Classification of Singularities Preserving Features.” In Local Features in Natural Images via Singularity Theory, edited by Peter Giblin and Gareth Haslinger, 35–39. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virtual and Physical Prototyping.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Hundreds Of Meteors Will Light Up The Night Sky Tonight.” IFLScience, IFLScience, December 12.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1969. Internal Controls Over the Automatic Data Processing System Used by the Travelers Insurance Company in Making Medicare Payments. 092722. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ademiluyi, Cynthia Adekemi. 2010. “Felony Disenfranchisement and How It Contributes to the Black Electorate.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dwyer, Jim. 2016. “Corruption in New York: An Unscrupulous History.” New York Times, April 20, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Whitfield 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Whitfield 2003; Liao and Cao 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liao and Cao 2014)
Three authors: (Roughgarden, Oishi, and Akçay 2006)
4 or more authors: (Paul et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virtual and Physical Prototyping
Abbreviation	Virtual Phys. Prototyp.
ISSN (print)	1745-2759
ISSN (online)	1745-2767
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Signal Processing Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Modelling and Simulation