How to format your references using the Viruses citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Viruses. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Landsea, C.W. Meteorology: Hurricanes and Global Warming. Nature 2005, 438, E11-2; discussion E13.

A journal article with 2 authors

van Putten, M.H.P.M.; Levinson, A. Detecting Energy Emissions from a Rotating Black Hole. Science 2002, 295, 1874–1877.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thorsen, T.; Maerkl, S.J.; Quake, S.R. Microfluidic Large-Scale Integration. Science 2002, 298, 580–584.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, W.; Yin, L.; Gonzalez-Malerva, L.; Wang, S.; Yu, X.; Eaton, S.; Zhang, S.; Chen, H.-Y.; LaBaer, J.; Tao, N. In Situ Drug-Receptor Binding Kinetics in Single Cells: A Quantitative Label-Free Study of Anti-Tumor Drug Resistance. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6609.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kondrashov, A.S. Crumbling Genome; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2017; ISBN 9781118952146.

An edited book

Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems: Volume 5: Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations; Oswalt, T.D., Gilmore, G., Eds.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2013; ISBN 9789400756113.

A chapter in an edited book

Babin, A.; Figotin, A. Dipole Approximation for Localized Distributed Charges. In Neoclassical Theory of Electromagnetic Interactions: A Single Theory for Macroscopic and Microscopic Scales; Figotin, A., Ed.; Theoretical and Mathematical Physics; Springer: London, 2016; pp. 101–105 ISBN 9781447172826.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Viruses.

Blog post

Davis, J. Researchers Increase Efficiency Of Novel “Solar Fuel Cell” Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/researchers-increase-efficiency-novel-solar-fuel-cell/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Technology Transfer: Administration of the Bayh-Dole Act by Research Universities; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1998;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

San Miguel, A.M. Lived Experiences and Perceptions on Mentoring among Latina Scientists and Engineers. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University: Washington, DC, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. Settled in the City, But Still in a Hurry Every Weekend. New York Times 2010, B18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Viruses
Abbreviation	Viruses
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
Scope	Virology Infectious Diseases