How to format your references using the Verbum et Ecclesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Verbum et Ecclesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hess, H., 2006, ‘Materials science. Toward devices powered by biomolecular motors’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5775), 860–861.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ahima, R.S. & Lazar, M.A., 2013, ‘Physiology. The health risk of obesity--better metrics imperative’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6148), 856–858.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nishiyama, T., Ohsumi, K. & Kishimoto, T., 2007, ‘Phosphorylation of Erp1 by p90rsk is required for cytostatic factor arrest in Xenopus laevis eggs’, Nature, 446(7139), 1096–1099.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Eisenmesser, E.Z., Bosco, D.A., Akke, M. & Kern, D., 2002, ‘Enzyme dynamics during catalysis’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5559), 1520–1523.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu, J., Dong, X., Chen, X., Tong, X., Zhang, X. & Xu, S., 2016, Fault Location and Service Restoration for Electrical Distribution Systems, John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Zhao, Y., 2016, Multi-band Polarization Imaging and Applications, 1st ed. 2016, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Moemeka, Edward & Moemeka, Elizabeth, 2015, ‘Building an Adaptive Experience’, in Elizabeth Moemeka (ed.), Real World Windows 10 Development, pp. 179–207, Apress, Berkeley, CA.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Verbum et Ecclesia.

Blog post

Carpineti, C., 2017, Scientists Attached A Camera To A Whale, And The Footage Is Truly Spectacular, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005, Commercial Aviation: Bankruptcy and Pension Problems Are Symptoms of Underlying Structural Issues, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goldberg, D.S., 2010, Poly (amido amine) dendrimers: Transepithelial transport mechanisms and applications in oral drug delivery – PhD thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2011, The Know-Nothing Mets? There’s a Pattern Here, New York Times, p. D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hess 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Hess 2006; Ahima & Lazar 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ahima & Lazar 2013)
Three or more authors: (Eisenmesser et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Verbum et Ecclesia
ISSN (print)	1609-9982
ISSN (online)	2074-7705
Scope