How to format your references using the Waste Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Waste Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marquet, P.A., 2002. Ecology. Of predators, prey, and power laws. Science 295, 2229–2230.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tomita, M., Murakami, M., 2003. High-temperature superconductor bulk magnets that can trap magnetic fields of over 17 tesla at 29 K. Nature 421, 517–520.

A journal article with 3 authors

Howat, I.M., Joughin, I., Scambos, T.A., 2007. Rapid changes in ice discharge from Greenland outlet glaciers. Science 315, 1559–1561.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Changela, A., Chen, K., Xue, Y., Holschen, J., Outten, C.E., O’Halloran, T.V., Mondragón, A., 2003. Molecular basis of metal-ion selectivity and zeptomolar sensitivity by CueR. Science 301, 1383–1387.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robyns, B., François, B., Delille, G., Saudemont, C., 2015. Energy Storage in Electric Power Grids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Archer, M.S. (Ed.), 2016. Morphogenesis and the Crisis of Normativity, Social Morphogenesis. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Boxall, A.B.A., Ericson, J.F., 2012. Environmental Fate of Human Pharmaceuticals, in: Brooks, B.W., Huggett, D.B. (Eds.), Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current and Future Perspectives, Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 63–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Waste Management.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. South Korean Tech Company Announces World’s First Braille Smartwatch [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/south-korean-tech-company-announces-worlds-first-braille-smartwatch/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1995. Government Aircraft: Observations on Travel by Senior Officials (No. NSIAD-95-168BR). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Adelman, S.W., 2009. Early childhood nutritional responses to targeted food aid and social network disruptions in Ugandan internally displaced person’s camps (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., 2017. Dozens Said To Be Killed In Bombing Of ISIS Prison. New York Times A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marquet, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Marquet, 2002; Tomita and Murakami, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tomita and Murakami, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Changela et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Waste Management
Abbreviation	Waste Manag.
ISSN (print)	0956-053X
Scope	Waste Management and Disposal