How to format your references using the Water Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Conley, D.J., 2012. Ecology: save the Baltic Sea. Nature 486, 463–464.

A journal article with 2 authors

Luo, J., Lai, Y., 2014. Anisotropic zero-index waveguide with arbitrary shapes. Sci. Rep. 4, 5875.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hahnloser, R.H.R., Kozhevnikov, A.A., Fee, M.S., 2002. An ultra-sparse code underlies the generation of neural sequences in a songbird. Nature 419, 65–70.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tolstoy, M., Waldhauser, F., Bohnenstiehl, D.R., Weekly, R.T., Kim, W.-Y., 2008. Seismic identification of along-axis hydrothermal flow on the East Pacific Rise. Nature 451, 181–184.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Port, M., Samuels, M., 2009. The Think Big Manifesto. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bria, W.F., 2009. Digital Communication in Medical Practice, Health Informatics. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Kokilashvili, V., Meskhi, A., Rafeiro, H., Samko, S., 2016. One-sided Operators, in: Meskhi, A., Rafeiro, H., Samko, S. (Eds.), Integral Operators in Non-Standard Function Spaces: Volume 1: Variable Exponent Lebesgue and Amalgam Spaces, Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 297–354.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2016. 5 Things That Make You Attractive To Mosquitoes [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/5-things-that-make-you-attractive-to-mosquitoes/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Tax System Modernization: Status of On-Line Files Initiative and Telecommunications Planning (No. IMTEC-91-41FS). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ortega, S. de, 2006. The Impact of Outcome Measurement on Non-profit Organizations: A Case Study (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G., 2010. Hey, Archie! Want to Build An Empire? New York Times BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Conley, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Conley, 2012; Luo and Lai, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Luo and Lai, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Tolstoy et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science
ISSN (print)	1110-4929
Scope