How to format your references using the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Churchland PS. Self-representation in nervous systems. Science 2002; 296: 308–310.

A journal article with 2 authors

Arthur R, Diamond J. Geography. Understanding tribal fates. Science 2011; 334: 911–912.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cwiok S, Heenen P-H, Nazarewicz W. Shape coexistence and triaxiality in the superheavy nuclei. Nature 2005; 433: 705–709.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Kiers ET, Rousseau RA, West SA, Denison RF. Host sanctions and the legume-rhizobium mutualism. Nature 2003; 425: 78–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cheng VS, Tong JC. Building Sustainability in East Asia. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

Pokorski M (ed). Advances in Clinical Science. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Sengupta N, Grant MB, Caballero S, Boulton ME. Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Vascular Development and Ocular Neovascularization. In: Joussen AM, Gardner TW, Kirchhof B, Ryan SJ, editors. Retinal Vascular Disease. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007: 78–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Jimmy Kimmel Asks Anti-GMO People What A ‘GMO’ Is. IFLScience. 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Compendium of Courses, 1997. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cosma AC. Real-Time Individual Thermal Preferences Prediction Using Visual Sensors. 2019.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Christie R. Trump and Black America. New York Times. 2016; : A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
ISSN (online)	1948-5204
Scope