How to format your references using the World Journal of Surgical Procedures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Surgical Procedures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harris N. Immunology: Chronic effects of acute infections. Nature 2015; 526: 509–510.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knesel KM, Davidson JP. Insights into collisional magmatism from isotopic fingerprints of melting reactions. Science 2002; 296: 2206–2208.

A journal article with 3 authors

Puliga M, Caldarelli G, Battiston S. Credit Default Swaps networks and systemic risk. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6822.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Ganesh G, Takagi A, Osu R, Yoshioka T, Kawato M, Burdet E. Two is better than one: physical interactions improve motor performance in humans. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 3824.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eggleston B. The ICE Conditions of Contract: Seventh Edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd

An edited book

Baranzini M. A Compendium of Italian Economists at Oxbridge: Contributions to the Evolution of Economic Thinking. Cham: Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Putterman AM. Cheek–Midface Lift. In: Hartstein ME, Wulc AE, Holck DEE, editors. Midfacial Rejuvenation. New York, NY: Springer, 2012: 49–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Surgical Procedures.

Blog post

Andrew E. In Pursuit Of Happiness: Why Some Pain Helps Us Feel Pleasure. IFLScience. 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/pursuit-happiness-why-some-pain-helps-us-feel-pleasure/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Surveillance: Technologies Continue to Pose Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yudell M. Making race: Biology and the evolution of the race concept in 20th century American thought. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Onyekwe Is Penn’s Stoic Scorer. New York Times. 2002; : D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Surgical Procedures
ISSN (online)	2219-2832
Scope