How to format your references using the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (ZJLS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. 2005. Out in the cold. Nature 434: 935.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nutman AP, Friend CRL. 2007. Comment on ‘A vestige of Earth’s oldest ophiolite’. Science (New York, N.Y.) 318: 746.

A journal article with 3 authors

Church JA, White NJ, Arblaster JM. 2005. Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sea level and ocean heat content. Nature 438: 74–77.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Misra S, Kumar A, Ratnasekhar C, Sharma V, Mudiam MKR, Ravi Ram K. 2014. Exposure to endosulfan influences sperm competition in Drosophila melanogaster. Scientific reports 4: 7433.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Safari M, Ariff M, Mohamad S. 2014. Sukuk Securities. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Brumley BB, Röning J (Eds.). 2016. Secure IT Systems: 21st Nordic Conference, NordSec 2016, Oulu, Finland, November 2-4, 2016. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Mauw S, van Vessem I, Bos B. 2006. Forward Secure Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Clark JA,, In: Paige RF,, In: Polack FAC,, In: Brooke PJ, eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Security in Pervasive Computing: Third International Conference, SPC 2006, York, UK, April 18-21, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 32–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

Blog post

Davis J. 2016. Amateur Bodybuilder Treated After Injecting Himself With Coconut Oil. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1982. NASA Must Reconsider Operations Pricing Policy To Compensate for Cost Growth on the Space Transportation System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Conti AI. 2012. Dirty hands, virtue ethics, and consequentialism. Unpublished thesis, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Isaac M, Chira S. 2017. Potshot by Uber Director Prompts a Swift Backlash. New York Times: A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik, 2005; Nutman & Friend, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nutman & Friend, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Misra et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
Abbreviation	Zool. J. Linn. Soc.
ISSN (print)	0024-4082
ISSN (online)	1096-3642
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics