How to format your references using the Zoosystematics and Evolution citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoosystematics and Evolution. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ito G (2001) Reykjanes “V”-shaped ridges originating from a pulsing and dehydrating mantle plume. Nature 411: 681–684.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jensen K, Murray F (2005) Intellectual property. Enhanced: intellectual property landscape of the human genome. Science (New York, N.Y.) 310: 239–240.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schummers J, Yu H, Sur M (2008) Tuned responses of astrocytes and their influence on hemodynamic signals in the visual cortex. Science (New York, N.Y.) 320: 1638–1643.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Stirling CH, Esat TM, Lambeck K, McCulloch MT, Blake SG, Lee DC, Halliday AN (2001) Orbital forcing of the marine isotope stage 9 interglacial. Science (New York, N.Y.) 291: 290–293.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mead DE (2013) Becoming a Marriage and Family Therapist. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Habu J, Fawcett C, Matsunaga JM (Eds) (2008) Evaluating Multiple Narratives: Beyond Nationalist, Colonialist, Imperialist Archaeologies. Springer, New York, NY, XII, 218 p pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Malaque CMS, Chaim OM, Entres M, Barbaro KC (2016) Loxosceles and Loxoscelism: Biology, Venom, Envenomation, and Treatment. In: Gopalakrishnakone P, Corzo GA, de Lima ME, Diego-García E (Eds), Spider Venoms. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 419–444.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoosystematics and Evolution.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Four Fennec Foxes Born At The Living Desert Zoo. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/four-fennec-foxes-born-living-desert-zoo/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Intercollegiate Athletics: Recent Trends in Teams and Participants in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rudoy SI (2014) Developing a model for understanding mindfulness as a potential intervention for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walker M (2017) One Man’s Search for a ‘Chicano Rockwell.’ New York Times: C14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ito 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Ito 2001, Jensen and Murray 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jensen and Murray 2005)
Three or more authors: (Stirling et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoosystematics and Evolution
ISSN (print)	1435-1935
ISSN (online)	1860-0743
Scope