How to format your references using the Zootaxa citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zootaxa. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barker, P.A. (2007) Atmospheric science. The monsoon’s past. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316 (5829), 1295–1296.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sakaguchi, S. & Powrie, F. (2007) Emerging challenges in regulatory T cell function and biology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317 (5838), 627–629.

A journal article with 3 authors

Qin, Z., Pugno, N.M. & Buehler, M.J. (2014) Mechanics of fragmentation of crocodile skin and other thin films. Scientific reports, 4, 4966.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bernet, M.L., Miniati, F., Lilly, S.J., Kronberg, P.P. & Dessauges-Zavadsky, M. (2008) Strong magnetic fields in normal galaxies at high redshift. Nature, 454 (7202), 302–304.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Poltorak, A.I. & Lerner, P.J. (2011) Essentials of Intellectual Property. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Candaele, B., Soudris, D. & Anagnostopoulos, I. eds. (2015) Trusted Computing for Embedded Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, XXVI, 299 p. 151 illus., 102 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Leggett, J. (2016) Supporting Critical Civic Learning with Interactive Technology. In: Schnee, E., Better, A., & Clark Cummings, M. (Eds), Civic Engagement Pedagogy in the Community College: Theory and Practice. Education, Equity, Economy. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 71–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zootaxa.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2017) Here Are The ‘Smartest’ Dog Breeds, According To A Psychologist. IFLScience.

Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/here-are-the-smartest-dog-breeds-according-to-a-psychologist/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Federal-Aid Highway Program: Impact of the District of Columbia Emergency Highway Relief Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Redcay, J.D. (2014) Kindergarten students’ reading performance and perceptions of Ludus Reading: A mixed-method study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G. (2017) Robert Kirkman Plans New Comic Book Series. New York Times, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Barker 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Barker 2007; Sakaguchi & Powrie 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sakaguchi & Powrie 2007)
Three or more authors: (Bernet et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zootaxa
Abbreviation	Zootaxa
ISSN (print)	1175-5326
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics