How to format your references using the Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Russo E (2004) The changing length of PhDs. Nature 431:382–383

A journal article with 2 authors

Sommaruga R, Kandolf G (2014) Negative consequences of glacial turbidity for the survival of freshwater planktonic heterotrophic flagellates. Sci Rep 4:4113

A journal article with 3 authors

Mani A, Rahwan I, Pentland A (2013) Inducing peer pressure to promote cooperation. Sci Rep 3:1735

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ye L, Kang M, Liu J, et al (2018) Massive Dirac fermions in a ferromagnetic kagome metal. Nature 555:638–642

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (2003) Guidelines for Investigating Chemical Process Incidents. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Hakim NS (ed) (2009) Artificial Organs. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Merkel R, Dittmann J, Vielhauer C (2011) Approximation of a Mathematical Aging Function for Latent Fingerprint Traces Based on First Experiments Using a Chromatic White Light (CWL) Sensor and the Binary Pixel Aging Feature. In: Decker BD, Lapon J, Naessens V, Uhl A (eds) Communications and Multimedia Security: 12th IFIP TC 6 / TC 11 International Conference, CMS 2011, Ghent, Belgium, October 19-21,2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 59–71

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) First New Antibiotic In 30 Years Could Prove Crucial In Fight Against Superbugs. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/resistance-proof-antibiotic-we-ve-been-waiting/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Training Necessary to Address Data Reliability Issues in NASA Agreement Database and to Minimize Potential Competition with Commercial Sector. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chapple CM (2015) A: Application of Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Clay Intercalates in Triphase Catalysis B: Effect of Various Compatibilizers in Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2010) Southern Barbecue, Up North. New York Times NJ13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Russo 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Russo 2004; Sommaruga and Kandolf 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sommaruga and Kandolf 2014)
Three or more authors: (Ye et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
Abbreviation	Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1866-9557
ISSN (online)	1866-9565
Scope	Archaeology Anthropology