How to format your references using the Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xie XS (2013) Biochemistry. Enzyme kinetics, past and present. Science 342:1457–1459

A journal article with 2 authors

Dutcher JR, Ediger MD (2008) Materials science. Glass surfaces not so glassy. Science 319:577–578

A journal article with 3 authors

Tomonaga M, Uwano Y, Saito T (2014) How dolphins see the world: a comparison with chimpanzees and humans. Sci Rep 4:3717

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fleetwood F, Klint S, Hanze M, et al (2014) Simultaneous targeting of two ligand-binding sites on VEGFR2 using biparatopic Affibody molecules results in dramatically improved affinity. Sci Rep 4:7518

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Merritt C (2015) Process Steam Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Métais E, Meziane F, Saraee M, et al (eds) (2013) Natural Language Processing and Information Systems: 18th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2013, Salford, UK, June 19-21, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Nachtigall W, Wisser A (2015) MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES. In: Wisser A (ed) Bionics by Examples: 250 Scenarios from Classical to Modern Times. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 67–85

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Salmonella Outbreak Spreading Across America Is Linked To Cucumbers. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/salmonella-outbreaks-across-america-cucumbers/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) GAO Reports Concerning Federal Student Financial Aid Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boucher D (2013) An action research project: Development of a pre-licensure examination review course for Emergency Medical Technician program graduates at a rural community college. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) The Mets Find Progress, And Hope for Montero, In a Sweep of the Giants. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Xie 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Dutcher and Ediger 2008; Xie 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dutcher and Ediger 2008)
Three or more authors: (Fleetwood et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
Abbreviation	Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol.
ISSN (print)	1617-7959
ISSN (online)	1617-7940
Scope	Biotechnology Mechanical Engineering Modelling and Simulation