How to format your references using the CEN Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for CEN Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Stock J. Geophysics. Hotspots come unstuck. Science. 2003;301:1059–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature. 2011;473:298–307.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Rohatgi R, Milenkovic L, Scott MP. Patched1 regulates hedgehog signaling at the primary cilium. Science. 2007;317:372–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sunda W, Kieber DJ, Kiene RP, Huntsman S. An antioxidant function for DMSP and DMS in marine algae. Nature. 2002;418:317–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Molino Sr. LN. Emergency Incident Management Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

1. Karantanas AH, editor. Sports Injuries in Children and Adolescents. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Soto J, Campos I, Martínez-Máñez R. Monitoring Wastewater Treatment Using Voltammetric Electronic Tongues. In: Mukhopadhyay SC, Mason A, editors. Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 65–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for CEN Case Reports.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Meteorites Show How Dry Mars Really Is [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/meteorites-show-how-dry-mars-really-is/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Protecting the Consumer From Potentially Harmful Shellfish (Clams, Mussels, and Oysters). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Mar. Report No.: B-164031(2).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Nichol KP. English Language Learners and Gifted Identification: Exploring the Perceptions of Teachers and Parents [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Blecher G. In Pursuit of the Perfect Pie. New York Times. 2014 Aug 10;LI10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	CEN Case Reports
Abbreviation	CEN Case Rep.
ISSN (online)	2192-4449
Scope