How to format your references using the Clinical Colorectal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Colorectal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nelson WJ. Adaptation of core mechanisms to generate cell polarity. Nature. 2003;422(6933):766-774.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hammock EAD, Young LJ. Microsatellite instability generates diversity in brain and sociobehavioral traits. Science. 2005;308(5728):1630-1634.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ergon T, Lambin X, Stenseth NC. Life-history traits of voles in a fluctuating population respond to the immediate environment. Nature. 2001;411(6841):1043-1045.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Dengler M, Schott FA, Eden C, Brandt P, Fischer J, Zantopp RJ. Break-up of the Atlantic deep western boundary current into eddies at 8 degrees S. Nature. 2004;432(7020):1018-1020.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis M, McKimm J, Forrest K. How to Assess Doctors and Health Professionals. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Ćirković Veličković T. Food Allergens: Biochemistry and Molecular Nutrition. (Gavrović-Jankulović M, ed.). Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Rabung S, Wieser M, Thomas A, Testoni I, Evans C. Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the revised spontaneity assessment inventory (SAI-R). In: Stadler C, Wieser M, Kirk K, eds. Psychodrama. Empirical Research and Science 2. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden; 2016:25-39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Colorectal Cancer.

Blog post

Luntz S. Bizarre Asteroid Has “Negative Gravity.” IFLScience. August 14, 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Immigration and Naturalization Service’s Survey of Illegal Aliens and Alien Documentation, Identification and Telecommunication System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bagley CR. Pint-Sized Spectacles: American Youth Beauty Queens and the Power(Ful) Dynamic of the Institutionalized Pageant. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Couturier K. The Nine and a Half Months That Shook Fox News. New York Times. April 20, 2017:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Colorectal Cancer
Abbreviation	Clin. Colorectal Cancer
ISSN (print)	1533-0028
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology