How to format your references using the Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

F.A. Rasio, Astronomy. A black widow’s best friend?, Science 333 (2011) 1712–1713.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A.R. Oganov, S. Ono, Theoretical and experimental evidence for a post-perovskite phase of MgSiO3 in Earth’s D" layer, Nature 430 (2004) 445–448.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Vassilopoulos, P.-R. Wang, D.W. Russell, Transplanted bone marrow regenerates liver by cell fusion, Nature 422 (2003) 901–904.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Z. Wang, G. Benoit, J. Liu, S. Prasad, P. Aarnisalo, X. Liu, H. Xu, N.P.C. Walker, T. Perlmann, Structure and function of Nurr1 identifies a class of ligand-independent nuclear receptors, Nature 423 (2003) 555–560.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Port, M. Samuels, The Think Big Manifesto, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

L.E. Lindler, F.J. Lebeda, G.W. Korch, eds., Biological Weapons Defense: Infectious Diseases and Counterbioterrorism, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. Koge, Y. Ito, K. Nakano, A GPU Implementation of Clipping-Free Halftoning Using the Direct Binary Search, in: X.-H. Sun, W. Qu, I. Stojmenovic, W. Zhou, Z. Li, H. Guo, G. Min, T. Yang, Y. Wu, L. Liu (Eds.), Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 14th International Conference, ICA3PP 2014, Dalian, China, August 24-27, 2014. Proceedings, Part I, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 57–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Underwater Robot Reveals Colorful Explosion Of Life Beneath Antarctica, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/underwater-robot-reveals-colorful-explosion-life-beneath-antarctica/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Survey on State Wireless E911 Funds, an E-supplement to GAO-06-338, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.M. Hart, R&D Characteristics and Organizational Structure: Case Studies of University-Industry Research Centers, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Vecsey, Back in Queens, Johnson Is Full of Memories and Statistics, New York Times (2013) B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	0303-8467
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Surgery