How to format your references using the Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kemp M. Science in culture: A mechanical mind. Nature. 2003 Jan 16;421(6920):214.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hone J, Deshpande VV. Physics. Coupling strongly, discretely. Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1084–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Unal E, Heidinger-Pauli JM, Koshland D. DNA double-strand breaks trigger genome-wide sister-chromatid cohesion through Eco1 (Ctf7). Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):245–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Percec V, Wilson DA, Leowanawat P, Wilson CJ, Hughes AD, Kaucher MS, et al. Self-assembly of Janus dendrimers into uniform dendrimersomes and other complex architectures. Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):1009–14.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Larkin RF, DiTommaso M. Wiley Not-for-Profit GAAP 2015. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Doherty G, Blandford A, editors. Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification: 13th International Workshop, DSVIS 2006, Dublin, Ireland, July 26-28, 2006. Revised Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XI, 276 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 4323).

A chapter in an edited book

Li F, Liu R, Baba T. Multi-SVM Multi-instance Learning for Object-Based Image Retrieval. In: Wilson R, Hancock E, Bors A, Smith W, editors. Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns: 15th International Conference, CAIP 2013, York, UK, August 27-29, 2013, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 37–44. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.

Blog post

Hale T. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Elon Musk’s SpaceX Held A Hyperloop “Pod Race” Competition. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/elon-musks-spacex-held-a-hyperloop-pod-race-compeition/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Administration for Children, Youth, and Families: Need To Better Use Its Research Results and Clarify Its Role. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Mar. Report No.: HRD-77-76.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grizzel RE. Three choral works by Dr. James Mobberley—the analysis rehearsal, and performance of “Poem to Ease Birth”, “Lullaby”, and “Spring: O Sparrow” [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dwyer J. Cruz’s Jab at Trump, and the Politics of Hypocrisy. New York Times. 2016 Jan 15;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0301-5661
ISSN (online)	1600-0528
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Dentistry