How to format your references using the Computers and Geosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Geosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ray, L.B., 2010. Metabolism. Metabolism is not boring. Introduction. Science 330, 1337.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wan, Z., Zhang, G., 2014. Controlled synthesis and visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi12GeO20 uniform microcrystals. Sci. Rep. 4, 6298.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alvarado, D., Klein, D.E., Lemmon, M.A., 2009. ErbB2 resembles an autoinhibited invertebrate epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature 461, 287–291.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pietrzak, B., Sharma, V., Wasalathanthri, D., Ellwanger, J.H., Sanganyado, E., Buschke, F., Beardsley, F.R., Agarwal, D., Jensen, M.M., Easun, T.L., Lin, H., Zhou, K., Jordan, E.J., Oda, F.S., MacKay, H., Coffey, E., Yoho, R., Winter, M., 2018. Nurturing connections to the environment. Science 362, 886–888.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gelbaum, B.R., 1995. Modern Real and Complex Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Aldrovandi, R., 2013. Teleparallel Gravity: An Introduction, Fundamental Theories of Physics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Nonell, R., Medina, I., 2015. Comparative Analysis of Institutional Incentives and Organisational Adjustment of Social Actors in Eight European Countries, in: Schofield, N., Caballero, G. (Eds.), The Political Economy of Governance: Institutions, Political Performance and Elections, Studies in Political Economy. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 59–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Geosciences.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Thieving Cleaner Fish Are The Con Artists Of Coral Reefs [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/thieving-cleaner-fish-con-artists-coral-reefs/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Geographic Information System: Forest Service Has Resolved GAO Concerns About Its Proposed Nationwide System (No. T-IMTEC-92-14). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hayes, M.G., 2010. A qualitative case study of cultural competency among Advanced Placement teachers in Florida (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman, M.M., 2017. Online Upstarts Seek to Shake Up Used-Car Buying. New York Times B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ray, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Ray, 2010; Wan and Zhang, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wan and Zhang, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Pietrzak et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Geosciences
Abbreviation	Comput. Geosci.
ISSN (print)	0098-3004
Scope	Information Systems Computers in Earth Sciences