How to format your references using the Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Lu, Zn2+ blocks annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA in a sequence-selective manner, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5464.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K.H. Onishi, R. Baillargeon, Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs?, Science 308 (2005) 255–258.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

X. Xu, Y. Su, Z.H. Fan, Cotinine concentration in serum correlates with tobacco smoke-induced emphysema in mice, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 3864.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. Halic, M. Gartmann, O. Schlenker, T. Mielke, M.R. Pool, I. Sinning, R. Beckmann, Signal recognition particle receptor exposes the ribosomal translocon binding site, Science 312 (2006) 745–747.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Lewis, Positive Psychology and Change, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Y. Kompatsiaris, P. Hobson, eds., Semantic Multimedia and Ontologies: Theory and Applications, Springer, London, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C.M. Caldwell, K.B. Kaplan, The Role of APC in Mitosis and in Chromosome Instability, in: I.S. Näthke, B.M. McCartney (Eds.), APC Proteins, Springer, New York, NY, 2009: pp. 51–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Walking on Water: Easier Than It Sounds, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Cassini Mission: Estimated Launch Costs for NASA’s Mission to Saturn, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. Roy, “Jagoron: Awakening” to Gender in Non Governmental Organizations in Contemporary Bengal, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Eligon, An Open Wound for Transgender African-Americans: ‘We’re Considered a Joke,’ New York Times (2017) A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
Abbreviation	Contemp. Clin. Trials Commun.
ISSN (print)	2451-8654
Scope