How to format your references using the Democratization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Democratization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lunshof, Jeantine. “Regulate Gene Editing in Wild Animals.” Nature 521, no. 7551 (May 14, 2015): 127.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhou, Zhonghe, and Fucheng Zhang. “A Precocial Avian Embryo from the Lower Cretaceous of China.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306, no. 5696 (October 22, 2004): 653.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chakraborty, Subrata, Petia Yanchulova, and Mark H. Thiemens. “Mass-Independent Oxygen Isotopic Partitioning during Gas-Phase SiO2 Formation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 342, no. 6157 (October 25, 2013): 463–66.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Reimers, Jeffrey R., Zheng-Li Cai, Rika Kobayashi, Margus Rätsep, Arvi Freiberg, and Elmars Krausz. “Assignment of the Q-Bands of the Chlorophylls: Coherence Loss via Qx - Qy Mixing.” Scientific Reports 3 (September 26, 2013): 2761.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lehto, Jukka, and Xiaolin Hou. Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010.

An edited book

Miesenberger, Klaus, Joachim Klaus, Wolfgang Zagler, and Arthur Karshmer, eds. Computers Helping People with Special Needs: 12th International Conference, ICCHP 2010, Vienna, Austria, July 14-16, 2010. Proceedings. Vol. 6179. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Mastrolia, Paolo, Marco Rigoli, and Alberto G. Setti. “Uniqueness.” In Yamabe-Type Equations on Complete, Noncompact Manifolds, edited by Marco Rigoli and Alberto G. Setti, 127–55. Basel: Springer, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Democratization.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. “Titan Has Electrified Sand Dunes That Stick Together.” IFLScience. IFLScience, March 29, 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/titan-electrified-sand-dunes-stick-together/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Aerial Refueling Initiative: Cross-Service Analysis Needed To Determine Best Approach.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 19, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzales, Daniela Sofia. “Identifying Factors and Quantifying Their Impact on Transportation Costs of Pre-Processes Biomass.” Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, Ben. “Musical Theater Loses A Versatile Voice.” New York Times, September 11, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Democratization
ISSN (print)	1351-0347
ISSN (online)	1743-890X
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations