How to format your references using the Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Isaacs, J. T.: Cancer. Prostate cancer takes nerve, Science, 341, 134–135, 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hu, E. M. and Cowie, L. L.: High-redshift galaxy populations, Nature, 440, 1145–1150, 2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pickrell, J. K., Gilad, Y., and Pritchard, J. K.: Comment on “Widespread RNA and DNA sequence differences in the human transcriptome,” Science, 335, 1302; author reply 1302, 2012.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Ikeda, H., Heinke, B., Ruscheweyh, R., and Sandkühler, J.: Synaptic plasticity in spinal lamina I projection neurons that mediate hyperalgesia, Science, 299, 1237–1240, 2003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pashley, R. M. and Karaman, M. E.: Applied Colloid and Surface Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

Qu, X. and Yang, Y. (Eds.): Information and Business Intelligence: International Conference, IBI 2011, Chongqing, China, December 23-25, 2011. Proceedings, Part I, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XXX, 759 p. 201 illus p., 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Chang, C.-Y. and Yeh, T.-K.: From Gene to Education – the Ecng Research Framework, in: Biology Education for Social and Sustainable Development, edited by: Kim, M. and Diong, C. H., SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 41–50, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Photo from NASA’s New Horizon Shows a “Heart” on Pluto, https://www.iflscience.com/space/latest-photo-nasas-new-horizon-shows-heart-pluto/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2015., 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Information Resellers: Consumer Privacy Framework Needs to Reflect Changes in Technology and the Marketplace, GAO-13-663, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pope, C.: Words in the Garden, Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bromwich, J. E.: Real-Life Harvey and Irma Marvel at the Hurricanes, , New York Times7th SeptemberA16, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Isaacs, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Hu and Cowie, 2006; Isaacs, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hu and Cowie, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Ikeda et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions
Abbreviation	Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1996-9481
Scope