How to format your references using the Ecosystem Health and Sustainability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mazur, E. 2009. Education. Farewell, lecture? Science (New York, N.Y.) 323:50–51.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hansen, J. D., and J. Reich. 2015. Democratizing education? Examining access and usage patterns in massive open online courses. Science (New York, N.Y.) 350:1245–1248.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kushiro, T., E. Nambara, and P. McCourt. 2003. Hormone evolution: The key to signalling. Nature 422:122.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mueth, D. M., G. F. Debregeas, G. S. Karczmar, P. J. Eng, S. R. Nagel, and H. M. Jaeger. 2000. Signatures of granular microstructure in dense shear flows. Nature 406:385–389.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen, K.-H. 2016. Power Management Techniques for Integrated Circuit Design. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Lin, C. Y.-Y. 2013. National Intellectual Capital and the Financial Crisis in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan. Page (L. Edvinsson, J. Chen, and T. Beding, Eds.). Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Vila, C., A. Estruch, H. R. Siller, J. V. Abellán, and F. Romero. 2007. Workflow Methodology for Collaborative Design and Manufacturing. Pages 42–49 in Y. Luo, editor. Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering: 4th International Conference, CDVE 2007, Shanghai, China, September 16-20, 2007. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecosystem Health and Sustainability.

Blog post

Taub, B. 2016, May 20. New Melanoma Drug Hailed As “A Step Forward” In Battle Against Deadly Skin Cancer. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-melanoma-drug-hailed-step-forward-battle-against-deadly-skin-cancer/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Observations on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Fiscal Year 1999 Performance Report and Fiscal Year 2001 Performance Plan. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Frisbee, K. L. 2015. The impact of mobile health (mhealth) technology on family caregiver’s burden levels and an assessment of variations in mhealth tool use. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lesch, D. W., and J. Gelvin. 2017, January 11. What has Assad won? New York Times:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mazur 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Mazur 2009, Hansen and Reich 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hansen and Reich 2015)
Three or more authors: (Mueth et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
Abbreviation	Ecosyst. Health Sustain.
ISSN (online)	2332-8878
Scope