How to format your references using the Electronic Markets citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electronic Markets. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Naldini, L. (2009). Medicine. A comeback for gene therapy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5954), 805–806.

A journal article with 2 authors

Meier, M. F., & Dyurgerov, M. B. (2002). Sea level changes. How Alaska affects the world. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5580), 350–351.

A journal article with 3 authors

Griffin, B. M., Schott, J., & Schink, B. (2007). Nitrite, an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5833), 1870.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dimitrov, A., Quesnoit, M., Moutel, S., Cantaloube, I., Poüs, C., & Perez, F. (2008). Detection of GTP-tubulin conformation in vivo reveals a role for GTP remnants in microtubule rescues. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5906), 1353–1356.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tian, J. (2005). Software Quality Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Fogarty, T. J., & White, R. A. (Eds.). (2010). Peripheral Endovascular Interventions. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Prékopa, A. (2011). Probability Distribution Problems Concerning Stochastic Programming Problems. In B. de Finetti (Ed.), Mathematical Optimiation in Economics (pp. 195–221). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electronic Markets.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, November 21). If We Find ET, Don’t Talk To It, Says The Man Who Wants To Find ET. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/if-we-find-et-dont-talk-to-it-says-the-man-who-wants-to-find-et/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Curriculum Case Studies Are of Questionable Quality but Helped Precollege Curriculum Activities (No. HRD-77-46). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

LaVertu, D. J. (2017). An Exploratory Approach to In-Trinity® for Fall Prevention (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, May 4). For Mets, It’s Injury After Injury, Year After Year. New York Times, p. B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Naldini 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Meier and Dyurgerov 2002; Naldini 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Meier and Dyurgerov 2002)
Three or more authors: (Dimitrov et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Electronic Markets
ISSN (print)	1019-6781
ISSN (online)	1422-8890
Scope	Business and International Management Management of Technology and Innovation Marketing Computer Science Applications Economics and Econometrics