How to format your references using the European Journal of Engineering Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Engineering Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Balter, M. 2000. “SPONGIFORM DISEASE: Experts Downplay New vCJD Fears.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 289 (5485): 1663b–1666b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Theise, Neil D., and Ian Wilmut. 2003. “Cell Plasticity: Flexible Arrangement.” Nature 425 (6953): 21.

A journal article with 3 authors

Taguchi, Akiko, Lynn M. Wartschow, and Morris F. White. 2007. “Brain IRS2 Signaling Coordinates Life Span and Nutrient Homeostasis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 317 (5836): 369–372.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Keppler, F., R. Eiden, V. Niedan, J. Pracht, and H. F. Schöler. 2000. “Halocarbons Produced by Natural Oxidation Processes during Degradation of Organic Matter.” Nature 403 (6767): 298–301.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Attwood, Dennis, Paul Baybutt, Chris Devlin, Walter Fluharty, Gareth Hughes, Dan Isaacson, Phil Joyner, et al. 2006. Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Majumdar, Rupak, and Paulo Tabuada, eds. 2009. Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control: 12th International Conference, HSCC 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 13-15, 2009. Proceedings. Vol. 5469. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Chen, Qingfeng, Chengqi Zhang, and Shichao Zhang. 2008. “Uncertainty Issues in Secure Messages.” In Secure Transaction Protocol Analysis: Models and Applications, edited by Chengqi Zhang and Shichao Zhang, 131–173. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Engineering Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2017. “New Zealand’s Alpine Fault Reveals Extreme Underground Heat And Fluid Pressure.” IFLScience, IFLScience, May 22. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/new-zealands-alpine-fault-reveals-extreme-underground-heat-and-fluid-pressure/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1978. Recommendation for Improving Testing of EF-111A Tactical Jamming System. PSAD-78-130. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vallaster, Jodi Reese. 2019. “Recognizing and Supporting the Forgotten Poverty Frontier: Exploring Suburban School Poverty in Elementary Schools.” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Haigney, Sophie, and Michael Cooper. 2017. “Who’s Calling? It May Be The Opera.” New York Times, September 5, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Balter 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Balter 2000; Theise and Wilmut 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Theise and Wilmut 2003)
Three authors: (Taguchi, Wartschow, and White 2007)
4 or more authors: (Keppler et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Engineering Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Eng. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0304-3797
ISSN (online)	1469-5898
Scope	General Engineering Education