How to format your references using the European Journal of Plastic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Plastic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baldauf SL (2003) The deep roots of eukaryotes. Science 300:1703–1706

A journal article with 2 authors

Schneider RA, Helms JA (2003) The cellular and molecular origins of beak morphology. Science 299:565–568

A journal article with 3 authors

Castelnovo C, Moessner R, Sondhi SL (2008) Magnetic monopoles in spin ice. Nature 451:42–45

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Canestrelli D, Bisconti R, Sacco F, Nascetti G (2014) What triggers the rising of an intraspecific biodiversity hotspot? Hints from the agile frog. Sci Rep 4:5042

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

PKF International Ltd (2017) Wiley IFRS 2017 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Mankekar G (2014) Implantable Hearing Devices other than Cochlear Implants. Springer India, New Delhi

A chapter in an edited book

Benzaouia A, Hmamed A, Tadeo F (2016) Delay-Dependent Stabilization of Two-Dimensional Delayed Systems with Saturating Control. In: Hmamed A, Tadeo F (eds) Two-Dimensional Systems: From Introduction to State of the Art. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 75–109

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Plastic Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) El Gordo Galaxy Lives Up To Its Name. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/el-gordo-galaxy-lives-its-name/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Air Traffic Control: Status of FAA’s Modernization Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mantilla AN (2012) The differences in the educational experiences and caregiver involvement in education between youth in foster care and those in care of their biological parents. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M (2017) In ‘Julius Caesar,’ an Assassination Echoes Across the Centuries. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Plastic Surgery
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Plast. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0930-343X
ISSN (online)	1435-0130
Scope	Surgery